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Jerry Christiansen
12-27-2009, 07:10 PM
During the 2009 WMSTR show we decided we should measure the horsepower of horses. Knowing that the question, “How much horsepower can a horse do?” would be asked; a bit of research was done.
In the mid 1700’s James Watt improved steam engine technology so that they were economically feasible to operate. To describe what a steam engine could do for a mine owner or a factory owner, he compared the amount of power his engine could do to what a horse could do. A horsepower is defined as 33,000ft-lb of work per minute, which is the same at 550ft-lb/s.
Two different stories are commonly found that describe how Watt decided to use 550ft-lb/s. One story describes how he studied horses turning a mill wheel and determined that a horse could do 32,572ft-lb/min which he rounded to 33,000ft-lb/min. The other story is that Watt determined that a horse could do 22,000ft-lb/min. He then increased that value by 50% when rating his engine to 33,000ft-lb/min.
If the second story is correct, a flesh and blood horse should be able to do 2/3 of a James Watt horsepower. Those people that recount the first story usually point out that a living horse can do about 0.6 of a horsepower over a period of time, with higher values for a short burst. Which ever story you chose to believe, we should expect a horse to be able to put out about 2/3 of a horsepower over a period of time.

Enough of the history lesson, lets hook up some horses!

We got a shorter belt and put the Blue Brake between the threshing machine in the horse area and the horsepower (this time 'horsepower' means the machine the horses walk around to create rotary motion). The threshing machine can be seen behind the bundle wagon. The horsepower is behind the camera.

http://i170.photobucket.com/albums/u249/jtchrist/Prony%20Brake/measuringhorses002.jpg

Watching the horses get hooked up was a good show all by itself. Don’t ask me to name all the people. Please don’t ask me to name the horses!

http://i170.photobucket.com/albums/u249/jtchrist/Prony%20Brake/measuringhorses003.jpg

And another team on the way.

http://i170.photobucket.com/albums/u249/jtchrist/Prony%20Brake/measuringhorses004.jpg

The horses are all hooked up and ready to go.

http://i170.photobucket.com/albums/u249/jtchrist/Prony%20Brake/measuringhorses001.jpg

The machine the horses go around (or as Jim and I called it - the roundy-roundy) is the horsepower. A rotating shaft that the horses have to step over lies on the ground and comes to the red, two wheel device on the left. The red device uses a bevel gear set to spin the pulley that powers the flat belt.

More pictures, maybe a video and data to follow.

Later,
Jerry Christiansen

Jerry Christiansen
12-28-2009, 04:41 PM
Here is a view from the road on the west side of the Horse Area. In this picture the Brake is hooked up, the first team of horses is getting in to position and the others are on the way.

http://i170.photobucket.com/albums/u249/jtchrist/Prony%20Brake/measuringhorses006.jpg

More horses on the way.

http://s170.photobucket.com/albums/u249/jtchrist/videos/?action=view&current=horsepower1.flv

Hooking up horses.


Jim is doing some narration in the next video. Mark Carr is running the Brake and putting load on the horses. Jim and I have no idea how hard horses can be pulled, so we needed someone that knew horses to run the Brake. Some of the other horse people ‘volunteered' Mark for the job. Mark ran the Brake and watched the horses. Jim and I recorded numbers. Here Mark adjusted the Brake to what “they like to pull”.



http://s170.photobucket.com/albums/u249/jtchrist/videos/?action=view&current=horsepower14.flv



Adjusting load.

About the time Jim read the rpm, Mark changed the load. We didn’t get a pair of numbers recorded for the speed Jim read.

The next video is from the south side of the horsepower. This really shows how quiet the horses work. Even from this distance Jim’s narration can be heard.


http://s170.photobucket.com/albums/u249/jtchrist/videos/?action=view&current=horsepower16.flv

Quiet workers



More in a bit,
Jerry Christiansen

Jerry Christiansen
02-02-2010, 08:14 PM
Hi all,

I realized when I looked at this thread again that I did not report results of how much horsepower the horses produced. Please be kind in any messages about forgetfulness in old age!

Mark adjusted the load up and down several times and we recorded the following values

Pounds . . .RPM. . . Horsepower
13 . . . . . . .381 . . . . . 4.9
17 . . . . . . .366 . . . . . 6.2
16 . . . . . . .406 . . . . . 6.5

19 . . . . . . 387 . . . . . 7.4
20 . . . . . . 376 . . . . . 7.5
31 . . . . . . 391 . . . . . 8.2

18 . . . . . . 418 . . . . . 7.5

11 . . . . . . 347 . . . . . 3.8
12 . . . . . . 362 . . . . . 4.3
17 . . . . . . 355 . . . . . 6.0
20 . . . . . . 311 . . . . . 6.2
22 . . . . . . 327 . . . . . 7.2

Measuring horses is very different from measuring gasoline, diesel or steam engines. When measuring engines the rpm will drop a bit before the governor starts opening up as load is increased. Then as more load is applied the governor opens, the engine gets louder and the rpm will hold fairly steady for several readings. Finally, governor is holding the throttle wide open, the engine is roaring and as more load is applied the rpm drop off. If the operator wants, the load can be adjusted to a previous value and the same, or very similar, rpm will be read giving nearly the same horsepower.

Horses are different. Horses just keep on pulling. Adding load does not cause them to make more noise. A particular set of numbers is difficult to duplicate because at the same load they may pull faster or slower giving a different power value.

The folks in the horse area thought the horses could produce more power than what we measured. One of the reasons we didn’t try for higher values is that a couple of the wooden poles the horses were hooked up to are cracked. The cracked poles were bending quite a bit and we didn’t want to break them. Plans are in the works to replace the cracked poles for next year.

Plan on coming to the horse area Sunday morning when we try this again.

Later,
Jerry Christiansen